Human Spaceflight

Companies that develop and operate orbital launch vehicles to deliver payloads to space. Revenue comes from selling launch as a service. Includes dedicated missions and rideshare.

Companies operating vehicles that reach space altitude without achieving orbit, or that operate in the stratosphere. Includes suborbital rockets, high-altitude balloons, and stratospheric platforms.

In-space transfer vehicles, orbital tugs, and cargo systems. Companies that move payloads between orbits or deliver them to specific destinations after separation from a launch vehicle.

Operators of launch sites, landing zones, range services, and associated ground infrastructure that enables launch and reentry operations.

Companies that operate constellations or individual satellites to provide connectivity: broadband, mobile backhaul, IoT, direct-to-device, broadcast, or relay services.

Companies that operate satellites to capture data about Earth's surface, atmosphere, or oceans. Includes optical, radar, thermal, multispectral, hyperspectral, and RF sensing.

Companies developing satellite-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems or augmentation services beyond government-operated GPS/Galileo/GLONASS.

Companies that design and build complete satellite systems or buses for other operators. Prime integrators and platform providers. Distinct from component suppliers.

Manufacturers of specific satellite hardware sold to integrators: solar arrays, antennas, reaction wheels, star trackers, power systems, thermal management, structures, deployables.

Companies developing propulsion systems sold as products to other spacecraft or launch vehicle builders. Electric, chemical, nuclear, or novel propulsion technologies.

Active debris removal, end-of-life deorbit services, debris mitigation technologies, and compliance solutions. Companies whose primary mission is keeping orbits usable.

On-orbit inspection, repair, refueling, life extension, repositioning, or construction. Servicing existing assets rather than removing debris.

Tracking objects in orbit, monitoring the space environment, characterizing threats, providing space traffic data, collision avoidance services, and RF interference detection. Encompasses both physical tracking (SSA) and strategic/behavioral context (SDA).

Developing crewed or uncrewed orbital platforms for long-duration occupation. Commercial stations, modules, and habitable structures.

Manufacturing in microgravity or vacuum. Includes pharmaceutical processing, fiber optics, semiconductor crystals, bioprinting, and materials science.

Landers, surface systems, rovers, habitats, communication relays, and navigation services for the Moon. Companies building the lunar economy.

Systems for Mars, Venus, asteroids, or outer solar system destinations. Probes, rovers, sample return, and deep-space transportation.

Prospecting, extraction, and processing of natural resources from celestial bodies. Water ice, regolith, metals from asteroids or the Moon.

Processing, analyzing, and deriving insights from satellite-collected data. The software layer above Earth observation hardware. AI/ML applied to imagery and signals.

Mission planning, orbit determination, flight dynamics, satellite operations software, digital twins, and simulation platforms for the space industry.

Ground station networks, satellite-as-a-service platforms, managed ground operations, antenna farms, user terminals, GNSS receivers, modems, and terrestrial connectivity infrastructure for space assets. Includes both ground station operators and ground equipment manufacturers.

Spaceflight experiences for private individuals. Orbital, suborbital, high-altitude, and analogue/training experiences.

Spacesuits, EVA equipment, environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), radiation protection, and human factors technologies.

Missile warning, space control, protected communications, responsive launch, counter-space capabilities, and space-based defense platforms.

Space-based ISR (intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance) primarily for government and defense. Includes SIGINT, GEOINT, and ELINT from orbit.

Cybersecurity solutions for space systems. Satellite cyber hardening, quantum key distribution, zero-trust architectures for ground-to-space links, post-quantum cryptography for space communications, and space segment resilience against cyber threats.